Late Cold WarMBTMain Battle TankChina

Type 85

In service 1988 - 2010s in Pakistani service

The Chinese break from cast Soviet-style turrets: welded composite armour, a computerised fire-control system and later a 125 mm autoloader.

Built byNORINCO

Photograph pending. No clearly licensed photograph of this vehicle was found.

Development history

The Type 85 line replaced the rounded cast turret Chinese tanks had used since the Type 59 with a welded turret carrying composite armour, and added a modern fire-control system with laser rangefinder and night sights. The Type 85-IIAP built for Pakistan introduced a 125 mm smoothbore with an autoloader and a three-man crew, and the design led directly to the Type 96 and the Pakistani Al-Khalid. It marks the point at which Chinese tank design stopped copying and started competing.

Variants

One canonical record, 3 recorded variants.

  1. Type 85-II

    1988

    Welded composite turret with 105 mm rifled gun.

  2. Type 85-IIAP

    1991

    Pakistani version with a 125 mm smoothbore gun, autoloader and three-man crew.

  3. Type 85-III

    1993

    Improved engine and fire control, leading to the Type 96.

Notable actions

  • Pakistani service; Chinese trials and training